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  红十字国际委员会150年珍藏图片世界巡回展中国在线

人道题材摄影的发展:五个主题

文章作者:  发布时间:2009-05-02  文章来源:

  1.    Providing relief

  1.提供救济

  The first images present the material and human means of the humanitarian “pioneers”. The aim was both to document the past and to take a souvenir snapshot: “we were there”.

  第一类照片展现了人道“先驱者”的物资和人力状况,旨在记录历史并留下纪念告诉人们:“我们到过那儿”。

  The subject is the relief worker. The victim is there as an “illustration” more than for

  any other purpose.

  照片主体是救济工作者。照片中受难者的出现只是作为救济工作的“例证”而已。

  

   

  Sanitary unit on the deck of a ship

  卫生小队在一艘船的甲板上

  1902 – Boer War, Location unknown

  1902年,布尔战争,拍摄地点不详

  Photographer unknown 摄影师不详

  © ICRC, Belgian Red Cross

  2. The victim

  2.受难者

  As was to be expected, given the ICRC’s mandate, the first victims were soldiers.

  正如人们所预料的,鉴于红十字国际委员会的职责,首个被拍摄到的受难者是士兵。

  They appear in a relief context, not at the heart of the violence their presence suggests.

  他们的影像出现在救济场合,而非暴力冲突的中心地带。

  Later, the victims were civilians: children in orphanages, women in the Spanish Civil War, people deported to Dachau, burn patients in Hiroshima … the list goes on.

  之后,被拍摄的受难者还有平民:孤儿院中的儿童、西班牙内战中的妇女、被驱逐到达豪集中营的人、广岛的灼伤病人等等,不胜枚举。

  The pictures express two extremes: the notion of mass as a sign of the extent of the tragedy, and the single victim with whom the viewer identifies and is moved to empathize.

  照片呈现两种极端情况:一种是拍摄一大群人,将其作为灾难波及范围的标志;另一种是拍摄单个受难者,给观众留下深刻印象并产生强烈的同情感。

  Since the First World War, when the focus shifted, victims have been omnipresent on the theory “no victims = no humanitarian needs”.

  自一战以后,镜头关注的焦点发生了变化,在“没有受难者等于没有人道需求”的理论下,反映受难者的照片比比皆是。

  

   Visit of an ICRC delegate to a German prisoner-of-war camp

  红十字国际委员会代表探视德国战俘营

  1916 – First World War, Morocco

  1916年,摩洛哥,第一次世界大战

  Photographer unknown, © ICRC

  摄影师不详© ICRC

  

   Fifteen thousand child refugees lodged in an orphanage at Alexandropolis

  住在亚历山德鲁波利的一家孤儿院中的1.5万名儿童难民

  1921-1922, Alexandropolis, Greece

  1921-1922年,希腊,亚历山德鲁波利

  Photographer unknown, © ICRC

  摄影师不详

  

   Homeless after a bombing

  轰炸过后的无家可归者

  1937-1938 – Sino-Japanese War

  1937-1938年,中国抗日战争

  Shanghai, China

  中国,上海

  Photographer unknown

  摄影师不详

  © World Picture News

   

   

  3.The fighting

  3.战斗

  These are pictures of the events that cause victims. By documenting the violence, the need for humanitarian action is justified. This type of image tends to be rare in the collection because it conveys no specific view of the action.

  这类照片反映造成人员伤亡的事件。通过镜头记录下这些战斗场景,充分证明了开展人道行动的必要性。这类图片无法具体反映人道行动,因此在我们的照片档案中似乎较少出现。

   

  Gas Bombing

  毒气弹轰炸

  1936 – Italian-Abyssinian War

  1936年意大利-阿比西尼亚战争

  Adi Encanto, right bank of the Tekezé, Ethiopia

  埃塞俄比亚,特克泽河右岸,阿迪恩坎图(Adi Encanto

  Photographer : Hylander Smith, © ICRC

  摄影师:Hylander Smith, © ICRC

   

   

  4.Humanitarian action in the context of violence

  4.冲突局势中的人道行动

  Here the three previous stages converge. These images bear witness to the work of the delegates. They also show how dangerous relief work can be.

  前三类主题在此处汇合。这些图像见证了代表们的工作,也反映出救济工作是何等的危险。

  We have gone from documentation to information. This moment coincides with the spread of NGOs and the consequent emergence of a form of competition in which media visibility is increasingly important.

  我们已经从文本资料时代进入到了信息化时代。这一时期出现了众多非政府组织,因此也出现了竞争,媒体的作用日益显著。

   

  Evacuation of the wounded

  撤离伤者

  1948-1950 – Israeli-Arab conflict

  1948-1950年,阿以冲突

  Jerusalem, Israel 

  以色列,耶路撒冷

  Photographer unknown, © ICRC

  摄影师不详

   

   

  5.“Evocative” images

  5.“产生共鸣”的图片

  These images merely hint at what was happened, calling on our knowledge to understand the general context. This is photography’s reaction to the position occupied by television in providing information. Images of this kind make the viewers active participants by forcing them to use their imagination. In some cases, they have even been said to be aesthetic.

  这类图片只暗示所发生的事情,需要我们对大背景有所了解。如今,照片提供资讯的作用已被电视所取代,因此人道摄影也做出了相应调整。这类图片需要参观者发挥想象力,积极参与其中。有时,这些照片被认为极具美感。

  The “Hiroshima lotuses” spearheaded a trend that became more marked as of the 1980s.

  这一趋势自20世纪80年代开始变得尤为突出。“广岛蘑菇云”是这一趋势的先驱之作。

   

  Victim of physical violence during the war

  战争期间身体暴力受害者

  2001 – Sierra Leone

  2001年,塞拉利昂

  Photographer : Nick Danziger, © ICRC

  摄影师:Nick Danziger, © ICRC

   

  8 :30 a.m : a woman at her window watching American troops enter the city

  上午830,一位妇女在自家窗前看着美军进入巴格达

  2003 – Bagdad, Iraq

  2003年,伊拉克,巴格达

  Photographer : Benoît Schaeffer, © ICRC

  摄影师:Benoît Schaeffer, © ICRC

 

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